Monday, June 22, 2015

Teaching Trade Negotiation

My spouse is teaching Philosophy classes again.  Long ago, when we were young undergrads together, we dreamed of dual teaching careers.  While our dreams haven't exactly come true in the ways we thought they might (we're not at a small liberal arts college, for example), it is interesting to be having these conversations about curriculum again.

We both tend to be lecturers (sage on the stage, with class discussion following), but these days, it's good to be more interactive.  Last week his Situational Ethics class was supposed to discuss international trade.  How to make that interactive?

We thought about some TED talks.  We thought about reading international treaties.  But then I remembered an exercise from the long ago days of youth groups, an exercise designed to teach us about world hunger.  In that exercise, we divided into groups and were given popcorn.  Some groups were given more than they needed, some less, and some had other resources; I have a memory of pennies.  What would each group do?  How would they negotiate?  Could we get to a point where everyone had what they needed?

It's an exercise that stuck with me, obviously.  Here I am, decades later, suggesting it.

So, I used that idea as an inspiration for a different kind of classroom exercise.  I would divide the class into groups and give them items representing wealth (pennies), weapons (matches, which my spouse lit and blew out so that there would be no risk of mishap), manufacturing resources (pieces of cloth), food (popcorn), and natural resources (shells and rocks).  Each group would represent a country, and each would have some of what they needed, but not all of what they needed, and each group except one would have excess resources of some type.

He gave them 20 minutes to analyze the situation and to strategize.  And then it was time to negotiate.

He says it went well, although he was somewhat disappointed that they didn't immediately make larger connections to the philosophers that they'd been studying.  But that might happen, if not immediately then later.  And it might help them understand trade relations in a way that they hadn't before.

I think back to my own high school years.  I remember in a Civics class we pretended we were members of Congress.  We created bills and worked to get them passed.  It taught me more about the way that government works than anything I've done before or since.

Because I like the idea of this blog being a resource, let me see if I can post the curriculum that we created.  I have a vision of it being a flexible assignment.  For example, I talked to a friend who teaches in a Hospitality program.  We thought about how we could adapt the process, what the items would represent:  money, food, staffing, . . .

I won't go through and standardize the spacing and type font--that would take more time than I have. 

I'd be interested in hearing about result across varying curriculums.  I remember once doing something similar in a Composition class and having students write about what they learned about the experience.  I liked it for a variety of reasons:  it was something that they hadn't experienced before, and the writing assignment was fairly plagiarism proof.


Trade Negotiation Simulation


 
Popcorn represents crops/food

Penny represents wealth in the treasury

Match represents weapons

Seashell/rock represents natural resources

Piece of cloth = ability to manufacture cheaply what the rest of the world wants/needs

 
The challenge—group of students represents the government that must decide on the best way to get what their countries need.  Each group needs to have at least 2 students, but more ideally 3-4.

 The Countries:

 Country 1 (U.S. counterpart)

 Popcorn:  30 kernels

Penny:  30 pennies

Match :  30 matches

Seashell:  10 shells

Piece of cloth:  1
 

Country 2 (European counterpart)

Popcorn:  20 kernels

Penny:  20 pennies

Match :  25 matches

Seashell:  8 shells

Piece of cloth:  1

 
Country 3 (poor country in Africa)

Popcorn:  2 kernels

Penny:  2 pennies

Match :  0 matches

Seashell:  25 shells

Piece of cloth:  0

 
Country 4 (country in Asia that’s not a developing nation, but first world, like Japan, but not China)

Popcorn:  15 kernels

Penny:  30 pennies

Match :  2 matches

Seashell:  2 shells

Piece of cloth: 20

 

 
Divide the class into groups.  Distribute the resources.  The pages go to each group—will you give each group all the pages so they all know about each other?  Or if they know less about each other will the negotiating be more real?

Give the groups 10-20 minutes to strategize how they’ll get what they need/want from other countries.

Then have them come together to negotiate.  See what happens.


Should you have more time:  You could have something happen:  a famine, that wipes out the food resources of some countries (popcorn taken away), a recession (pennies taken away), a natural resource that finds new use in manufacturing (shells given)—how do outside factors like these influence negotiations?
 
Ask them what they learned.  Ask them to discuss which country represents which real world counterpart—only teacher has the information which will be revealed at this point.

 Ask them to spend the next week paying attention to news stories about trade negotiations and international relations.  Tell them that you’ll expect them to report back at the beginning of the next class.  Was the class simulation realistic?

The following pages can be given to the groups—perhaps each group only gets its own sheet—or is it more realistic that they would know these facts about each other?

 

Country 1

Needs: 

 

--Can’t produce goods cheaply enough to get all citizens all the consumer goods that they want

--Because of stability and wealth of country, Country 1 worries about becoming a target.

--Many citizens in this country worry about the poverty that they see in other nations.

 Population:

A wide variety—every kind of person with every kind of skill level and educational background.

 Resources:

 Popcorn represents crops/food

Penny represents wealth in the treasury

Match represents weapons

Seashell represents natural resources

Piece of cloth = ability to manufacture cheaply what the rest of the world wants/needs

----------------------------------------------------------------

 

Country 2

Needs:

 --This country finds itself bordered by hostile neighbors with many weapons.

 --This country is close to countries that can’t provide for their own citizens and so this country often finds refugees trying to enter the country.  These refugees often have few skills.

 --This country is also close to many nations torn apart by war and  refugees fleeing the war with nothing more than the clothes on their backs  want to come to this country.  But the country is already stretched thin economically providing for its own citizens. 

 --How will this country pay for all the needs of refugees?

 Population:

 Stable, well educated, but average age of citizen is 50-70
 

Resources

 Popcorn represents crops/food

Penny represents wealth in the treasury

Match represents weapons

Seashell represents natural resources

Piece of cloth = ability to manufacture cheaply what the rest of the world wants/needs

 --------------------------------------

 Country 3

 Needs:

 --Can’t grow much food—infertile land

 --Bordered by nations at war

 --Citizens living as if the Industrial Revolution hadn’t happened:  not much widespread electricity or plumbing or sanitation.  Many people living in small villages where they try to farm.

Population:

Young population—lots and lots and lots of people.  They don’t have as much school education as the rest of the countries, but they are creative thinkers and problem solvers.

 Resources:

Popcorn represents crops/food

Penny represents wealth in the treasury

Match represents weapons

Seashell represents natural resources

Piece of cloth = ability to manufacture cheaply what the rest of the world wants/needs

-----------------------------------------------
 
Country 4

 Needs:

 --At this point, the country isn’t threatened by neighbors.  But historically, they have been.  The debate continues:  do they need more weapons do they have?

 --the weather isn’t always stable.  The country can’t provide as much food as it needs to feed its population.

 Population:

 Lots of people, wide range of ages, but the majority is under age 45.  Equal mix of educated and not as well educated.

 Resources:

 Lots of manufacturing and the huge population doesn’t mind working long hours for less pay than they’d get in country 1 or 2.

Popcorn represents crops/food

Penny represents wealth in the treasury

Match represents weapons

Seashell represents natural resources

Piece of cloth = ability to manufacture cheaply what the rest of the world wants/needs

 


 

 

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